Rocks formed by the solidification of molten material from far below the earth's surface.

An ore mineral of titanium, being an iron-titanium oxide.

In the natural or original position. Applied to a rock, soil, or fossil when occurring in the situation in which it was originally formed or deposited.

Any entry to a mine that is not vertical (shaft) or horizontal (adit). Often incline is reserved for those entries that are too steep for a belt conveyor (+17 degrees -18 degrees), in which case a hoist and guide rails are employed. A belt conveyor incline is termed a slope. Alt: Secondary inclined opening, driven upward to connect levels, sometimes on the dip of a deposit; also called "inclined shaft".

Applied to strata, a formation, a rock, or a rock structure not combining sufficient firmness and flexibility to transmit a thrust and to lift a load by bending.

An 'Indicated Mineral Resource' is that part of a Mineral Resource for which quantity,
grade or quality, densities, shape and physical characteristics, can be estimated with a level
of confidence sufficient to allow the appropriate application of technical and economic
parameters, to support mine planning and evaluation of the economic viability of the
deposit. The estimate is based on detailed and reliable exploration and testing information
gathered through appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits,
workings and drill holes that are spaced closely enough for geological and grade continuity
to be reasonably assumed.

Induced Polarization - discovered in the early days of resistivity surveying (i.e. shooting electrical charges through the ground and mapping the varying levels of conducivity). IP is based on the finding that certain types of mineral deposits can be "charged" and will hold an electrical charge passed through them. When the charge is turned off, it does not "switch off" but instead drains off over time. Resistivity and IP are usually done at the same time. This is particularly useful in detecting sulphide minerals which may be economic in themselves, or which can serve as pathfinders to other mineral deposits.

Non-metallic, non-fuel minerals used in the chemical and manufacturing industries. Examples are asbestos, gypsum, salt, graphite, mica, gravel, building stone and talc.

An 'Inferred Mineral Resource' is that part of a Mineral Resource for which quantity and
grade or quality can be estimated on the basis of geological evidence and limited sampling
and reasonably assumed, but not verified, geological and grade continuity. The estimate is
based on limited information and sampling gathered through appropriate techniques from
locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drill holes.

The first sale of shares to the public, usually by subscription from a group of investment dealers.

Pension funds and mutual funds, managing money for a large number of individual investors.

The passage through which fresh air is drawn or forced into a mine or to a section of a mine.

An igneous rock containing 52% to 66% quartz.

A term used in belt and chain conveyor network to designate a section of the conveyor frame occupying a position between the head and foot sections.

Refers to mineral deposits that are formed by the upward movement of magma toward the earth's crust. The intrusive rock itself can host a large porphry type deposit (low grade, large tonnage), or important concentrations of minerals can be found around the edges where the intrusive rock has interacted with country rock. Also, because of the different mineral properties of intrusive rock, mineralization can concentrate in skarns situated to either side of the mineral "cap" or top of the deposit having "pooled" there through hydrothermal processes or leaching from the crust.

An exchange of ions in a crystal with irons in a solution. Used as a method for recovering valuable metals, such as uranium, from solution.

A line, on a map, drawn through points of equal thickness of a designated unit. Synonym for isopachous line; isopachyte.